Rongmei Nagas: Preserving a Rich Cultural Heritage
The Rongmei tribe is one of the major indigenous communities residing in the picturesque state of Manipur, located in northeastern India. Known for their rich cultural heritage and deep-rooted traditions, the Rongmei people have contributed significantly to the diverse tapestry of Manipur. Apart from Manipur, significant numbers of the community can also be found in Assam and Nagaland as well. This article aims to explore the history, cultural practices, social structure, and contributions of the Rongmei tribe, shedding light on their unique identity and their role in preserving Manipur's cultural legacy.
The Rongmei tribe belongs to the larger Zeliangrong conglomeration, which spans across northeastern Indian states of Manipur, Assam and Nagaland. In Manipur, they are clubbed together with another closely related tribe called the Inpui under the moniker of “Kabui”, a name given to them by the majority Meitei (Manipuri) community of the state. The tribe believes it originated from the Makhel village in the Senapati district of Northern Manipur. Historically, the Rongmei people were primarily agrarian, relying on traditional farming practices for sustenance. They have a rich oral tradition, passing down myths, folk tales, and legends through generations. A notable Rongmei figure named Kabui Salang Maiba (maiba means priest in the Meiteilon language) finds place in the 11th century Manipuri epic Khamba-Thoibi.
The Rongmei tribe has a vibrant cultural tapestry, encompassing various aspects of life. They have a unique dialect, known as Rongmei language, which is spoken by the community. Traditional festivals such as Gaan-Ngai, Pukhpa-Ngai and Maleng-Ngai are celebrated with great enthusiasm, showcasing the tribe's distinctive music, dance, and rituals. Although the majority of the Rongmeis are Christian today, a strong minority of the community continue to follow polytheistic religions such as Heraka, Poupei Chapriak and Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak - all venerating Haiphou Tingwang.
Traditional attire holds significant importance among the Rongmei people. The women wear colorful, intricately woven traditional attire called feisoi (a type of sarong akin to phanek worn by Meitei women), adorned with handcrafted jewelry, while the men don traditional attire such as loincloths and headgears. The art of weaving holds a special place in Rongmei culture, with women skillfully creating beautiful textiles using traditional looms.
The Rongmei tribe follows a patriarchal social structure, where the eldest male member usually holds authority and plays a vital role in decision-making. The tribe values community harmony and places great emphasis on collective responsibility and mutual assistance. The village is the central unit of the Rongmei society, and community-led efforts are made to maintain social cohesion and address common issues. The Rongmeis have a strong sense of unity and social cohesion. They have a traditional council system known as the "Gaan Ngai," which plays a vital role in maintaining peace, resolving disputes, and promoting community welfare.
The Rongmei people have made significant contributions to various fields. They excel in traditional craftsmanship, including pottery, bamboo crafts, and woodwork. Their traditional agricultural practices, such as terrace farming and jhum cultivation, showcase their deep knowledge of the land and sustainable farming methods. The freedom fighter Rani Gaidinliu Pamei is arguably the most distinguished member of the community for her fierce resilience against the threat of Christian missionaries and notably opposing Zapu Phizo, who wanted Nagas to secede from India.
Some of the other well known members of this vibrant community include the late Prof. Gangmumei Kamei, who is well respected for his impeccable contributions to the history of the region. Recently, Ramkuiwangbe Newme of Assam was awarded the prestigious Padma Shri by the Hon’ble President Murmu for his contributions in safeguarding the native traditions of the community.
Despite their rich cultural heritage, the Rongmei tribe faces challenges such as limited access to quality education, healthcare facilities, and economic opportunities. Efforts are being made by the government and various organizations to address these challenges and uplift the community. Tamenglong and Dima Hasao districts are currently seeing a greater push by the state and central governments to uplift their infrastructure to ease the commute of the people there. It was only on January 27, 2023 that the first freight train reached the Rani Gaidinliu station at the Oinamlong village (Goinanglong in the Rongmei language) village of Tamenglong district ushering a new era of hope and aspirations for the inhabitations of the region.
Rongmei Nagas embody a rich legacy that reflects their resilience, unity, and commitment to preserving their heritage. Their contributions to arts, crafts, and sustainable practices highlight their deep connection with the land and their role as stewards of their unique identity within the greater Manipuri, Naga and Assamese communities of the region.
